Affermative Action Essays - Discrimination, Social Inequality

Affermative Action Considering the subject of affirmative action the following questions frequently are raised: Is there a clear understanding of affirmative action roles/goals? What are the pros/cons of these programs? What are the loop holes in the system? Does seniority play a role in affirmative action? Addressing these key questions may help us all in our daily routine, as administrators and/or potential administrator in the public/private sector. Affirmative action programs throughout the United States have long been a controversial issue particularly concerning employment practices (public/private) and university student and/or staff recruitment. Most public agencies have some type of instituted affirmative action program. According to Cheryl Perry-League, Director of Equal Opportunity of the Port of Oakland, every business operating on Port of Oakland owned land must have a standing affirmative action program on record and businesses bidding to do work for the Port of Oakland must have an accep tably diverse workforce. BACKGROUND To understand the role and/or goals of affirmative actions programs we should define what the broad definition of what affirmative action is and what caused its development. The phase affirmative action was used in a racial discrimination context. Executive Order No. 10,925 issued by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. The order indicated that federal contractors should take affirmative action to ensure job applicants and employees are treated without regard to their race, creed, or national origin. A person could define this statement as an order to imply equal access and nothing else. Subsequently, Executive Order 11246 issued by President Johnson in September 1965, mandated affirmative action goals for all federally funded programs and moved monitoring and enforcement of affirmative action programs out of the White House and into the Labor Department. Affirmative action refers to various efforts to deliberately take race, sex, and national origi ns into account to remedy past and current effects of discrimination. Its primary goal is to ensure that women and minorities are widely represented in all occupations and at all organizational levels (Tompkins, 1995, p.161). Another definition of affirmative action according to Barbara Bergmann is planning and acting to end the absence of certain kinds of people-those who belong to groups that have been subordinated or left out-from certain jobs and schools (1997 p.7). Tracing the history of affirmative action, laws against racial discrimination have proved inadequate for workplace integration because they often provide remedies only after the fact. Affirmative action requires proactive steps to provide equal opportunities in employment as well as access to education. Many affirmative action programs were born from Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VII references to affirmative action programs were brought about because of the history of discrimination in the United States, certain groups are viewed as disadvantage in the current marketplace. Thus affirmative action laws impose temporary requirements to correct underutilization of these groups (e.g., goals and timetables for increasing the number of minorities and women in a facility) (Gutman, 1993, p.9). Prior to these laws and the Title VII law, the U.S workforce was primarily dominated by white males. Although, still somewhat white male dominated, quotas that were designed through affirmative action programs have helped achieve some representation of women and minorities in the current work force. Some remedies brought about through affirmative action programs include goal setting, quotas, and timetables. GOALS AND QUOTAS The term goal refers to specific outcomes which, when achieved, will result in equal employment opportunity and equitable representation (Hall & Albrecht, 1979, p.47-78). Goals and hiring quotas vary somewhat in their function. Goals generally are long range plans that orga nizations use and there are no expected minimum or maximum limitations. Quotas by comparison, establishes a definite number of people who must be hired. A Company cannot by law, use quotas unless it has been ordered to do so by a court to remedy a past action (Hall & Albrecht, 1979, p.47-78). Deficiency correction is the primary target of goal setting through affirmative action. For an organization to be effective with goals, they must be realistic, attainable, and monitored by the human resource department. Affirmative action programs generally achieve their set goals through several common practices called outreach programs. First, there are special recruiting programs where women and minorities will

Free Essays on Dracula

Title: Dracula Author: Bram Stoker Publisher: 1897 by Archibald Constable & Co. Story Jonathan Harker, young lawyer, makes trip to Transylvania to sell land in England to Count Dracula. Meanwhile, young fiance, Mina, spending summer by the sea in Whitby, port town in Eng. with friend Lucy Westenra. Lucy falls ill: blood seems to disappear. Jonathan somehow escapes, has brain fever, saved by the sisters of a convent and marries Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch doctor comes to see what is the matter with Lucy. It seems that she is the victim of a vampire. The circle of LucyÕs freinds, who try to save her, are too late in discovering that Dracula had come across the sea on a merchant vessel, delivering crates of Transylvanian dirt. When she dies, she becomes Un-dead, preying on the blood of little children of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is fully dead. The group of friends: Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina Harker, and LucyÕs three previous suitors, Dr. Seward, owner of a mental hospital next door to DraculaÕs future estate, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a young American. They decide to do whatever they can to destroy the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the group cannot defeat him. Learn that crates of earth are being sent around as places where Dracula can stop to rest or change form if he so desires. They travel to Translyvania to save their dear friend Mina and rid the world of Count Dracula and all of his followers.... Free Essays on Dracula Free Essays on Dracula Title: Dracula Author: Bram Stoker Publisher: 1897 by Archibald Constable & Co. Story Jonathan Harker, young lawyer, makes trip to Transylvania to sell land in England to Count Dracula. Meanwhile, young fiance, Mina, spending summer by the sea in Whitby, port town in Eng. with friend Lucy Westenra. Lucy falls ill: blood seems to disappear. Jonathan somehow escapes, has brain fever, saved by the sisters of a convent and marries Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch doctor comes to see what is the matter with Lucy. It seems that she is the victim of a vampire. The circle of LucyÕs freinds, who try to save her, are too late in discovering that Dracula had come across the sea on a merchant vessel, delivering crates of Transylvanian dirt. When she dies, she becomes Un-dead, preying on the blood of little children of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is fully dead. The group of friends: Van Helsing, Jonathan and Mina Harker, and LucyÕs three previous suitors, Dr. Seward, owner of a mental hospital next door to DraculaÕs future estate, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a young American. They decide to do whatever they can to destroy the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the group cannot defeat him. Learn that crates of earth are being sent around as places where Dracula can stop to rest or change form if he so desires. They travel to Translyvania to save their dear friend Mina and rid the world of Count Dracula and all of his followers.... Free Essays on Dracula Be not overcome of evil, but overcome evil with good. – Romans. XII. 21 Evil often triumphs, but never conquers. – Joseph Roux The two quotations from above explain that evil never conquers because good always overcomes it. A good example of this is the book Dracula by Bram Stoker because the author expresses the nature of good vs. evil. Dracula wants to come to London because he wants to turn everyone into vampires. The basic background of the book Dracula is when Jonathan Harker, a realtor who is sent to Transylvania to complete a transaction with Dracula so he can come to England. What Harker does not know is that Dracula has a plan for world domination. Well, while Harker is on a train to Transylvania he enters â€Å"the east, a section of Europe whose peoples and customs will be for the most part, strange and unfamiliar† (Dracula, 20). Harker arrives at Bistritz on the eve of St. George’s Day, â€Å"a night when evil things in the world have full swa y† (Dracula, 21). When Harker first sees this, he is unconcerned about these superstitions. Then he sees something that is very peculiar. An old woman is very afraid of the word â€Å"Dracula.† She offers Harker a gift of rosary to protect him of evil spirits. After she gives him the rosary, he starts to feel uncomfortable going to the Borgo pass on the following day. The Borgo pass is very important because this is the place where Dracula’s carriage will await Harker. Well on the next day, a crowd of peasants gather around the carriage mumbling linguist words that seem to have some kind of link to the word vampire. Then the â€Å"whole crowd makes the sign of the cross and point two fingers at Harker† (Dracula, 30), to wish him a safe journey. When the carriage dashes by the country peasants, they knell and cross themselves. Until this point Jonathan Harker does not know the â€Å"Dracula beckons Harker into his castle and into a horrifying adventure wit h the supernatural† (Lidston ... Free Essays on Dracula Title: Dracula Author: Bram Stoker Publisher: 1897 by Archibald Constable & Co. Story Jonathan Harker,a young lawyer makes a trip to Transylvania to sell land in England to Count Dracula. Meanwhile, young fiance, Mina, spending the summer by the sea in Whitby, port town in England with her friend Lucy Westenra. Lucy falls ill: blood seems to disappear. Jonathan somehow escapes, has brain fever, saved by the sisters of a convent and marries Mina there. Dr. Van Helsing, Dutch doctor comes to see what is the matter with Lucy. It seems that she is the victim of a vampire. The circle of LucyÕs freinds, who try to save her, are too late in discovering that Dracula had come across the sea on a merchant vessel,delivering crates of Transylvanian dirt. When she dies, she becomes Un-dead, preying on the blood of little children of Whitby. They drive a stake through her heart and free her of the spell. She is fully dead. The group of friends: Van Helsing,Jonathan and Mina Harker, and LucyÕs three previous suitors, Dr. Seward, owner of a mental hospital next door to DraculaÕs future estate, Arthur Holmwood, Lord Godalming, and Quincey Morris, a young American. They decide to do whatever they can to destroy the vampire. Dracula comes to get Mina and she will become like him if the group cannot defeat him. Learn that crates of earth are being sent around as places where Dracula can stop to rest or change form if he so desires. They travel to Translyvania to save their dear friend Mina and rid the world of Count Dracula and all of his followers. Book vs. Movie -Excellent Book. Movie (1993) good adaptation, relatively similar, but a few faults: -portrayal of Women. Book has strong women (contrast to Wuthering Heights) but movie weakens them. Book: Mina makes anthology of info. Movie: Mina cheats on Jonathan with "prince," Lucy is brought forward as a loose girl, but book has her shy. -I liked movieÕs Holmwood: ...

Please identify the difference between unique, shared and borrowed Article

Please identify the difference between unique, shared and borrowed theories. Give an example of each - Article Example Their concepts, propositions and definitions represent a methodical viewpoint and provide a framework for standardizing and organizing nursing actions. Recently, there has been a struggle to come up with unique theories in nursing and their contribution to clinical practice and the profession itself. While the nursing knowledge is not unique, the perspective with which the knowledge is applied to the practice is unique. This can be defined and achieved through unique theories of nursing. Florence Nightingale, a central figure in the history of nursing, was the first to conceptualize the intellectual domain of nursing science. In her seminal work Notes on Nursing: What it is and What is is Not (Nightingale, 1860), she develops a unique theory of nursing, where she establishes the domain of nursing concern, which is independent of the physician’s domain. In developing this theory, she orients the nurses towards the environment of the patients, from the condition of their bandages to the layout of their sickrooms. Some more examples of unique nursing theories include Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming and Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory. Shared theories from other disciplines such as sociological, behavioral and biomedical sciences are theories that have been tested in nursing science though not entirely adopted. They, therefore, do not necessarily advance the practice of nursing. Some examples of shared theories in nursing include theories of social support, reasoned action, self-efficacy, and planned behavior, which have all been developed within the social psychology discipline (Paley, 2006). Bandura’s Social Cognitive theory, for instance, provides an appropriate framework for evaluation of the impact of training programs done to improve nursing competence in palliative care. They are regarded as shared because of their testing in nursing situations. These are theories made